Black Rice Extract 25% Anthocyandins
What Can This Antioxidant Do For You?

Why Do We Need Black Rice Extract?

Our cells need oxygen in order to perform the many complex reactions needed to survive. Our cells need oxygen to perform cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is known as metabolic energy and is critical to sustain human life. Respiration is one of the key ways a cell produces energy to fuel cellular reformations. One process of cellular respiration is the break-down of polymers into smaller, more manageable pieces. When the body works perfectly the ultimate goal of cellular respiration is to take carbohydrates, disassemble them into glucose molecules, and then use this glucose to produce energy-rich ATP molecules.
However, metabolic waste is also created (a by-product) from these important metabolic reactions. Within a split-second, the ingredients in Oxidation Mender convert the waste by-products, known as reactive oxygen species, into harmless components.

Anthocyanidins have a wide range of biological activities including:

• Antioxidant
• anti-inflammatory

The body has the natural ability to convert potential damaging by-products of natural cell respiration into harmless compounds. In fact, these by-products are useful in a healthy human body. The biologically important free radicals are the oxygen species, superoxide O•2-, the hydroxyl radical OH•, and the reactive nitrogen species NO•; each may play a significant physiological or pathophysiological role in the body.

Reactive oxygen species form as a natural by product of the normal metabolism of oxygen and have important roles in cell signaling. Phagocytes (white blood cells) such as macrophages not only release pro-inflammatory cytokines as part of the immune response, but also release lysozymes, peroxidases, elastase, and reactive oxygen species in order to damage the invading microorganism. The production of reactive oxygen species by macrophages also activates several anti-inflammatory signaling pathways as part of the feedback mechanism to control the immune system. The reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species produced by phagocyte can be useful in the short term as a defense against infection, but may harm us in the long term, and certainly harms patients with chronic inflammatory diseases.

Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties

In 2007 Qing Wang PhD, et al. showed that “treatment with a subfraction of black rice can benefit patients with Coronary Heart Disease by increasing the plasma antioxidant status and by reducing inflammation. The effectiveness of the black rice pigment fraction (BRF) in this clinical trial was comparable with that of white rice pigment fraction (WRF,) which served as a placebo in this study. BRF is composed of different kinds of nutrients and phytochemicals which mainly include anthocyanins. On the basis of previous studies in our group, phytochemicals rather than fiber or vitamins contained in the black rice are responsible for the atheroprotective effect. Anthocyanins have recently been considered as important phytochemicals with potential health-promoting activities, such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, etc. Similarly, other studies have also documented that plant anthocyanins are beneficial to cardiovascular health.”

A study from Warin Sangkitikomol in 2010 was aimed at determining the optimum dose of Anthocyanins-Rich Extract (ARE) from black rice extract for its antioxidant effects. Three different methods of antioxidant analysis [Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assay, Folin Cioculteau Phenol (FCP) assay and Vanillin assay] were used and the results obtained were excellently correlated (r > 0.98). Among rice extracts red rice, black rice and black sticky rice, black sticky rice had the highest antioxidant level within the range 1368.34 ± 16.85 TE mM /kg dry mass, 922.03 ± 3.84 mM GE/kg dry mass and 218.97 ± 0.74 CE mM/kg dry mass, respectively. ARE with the highest antioxidant level was used in the following tests: Hemolysis test and Heinz body formation, which were used to assess the antioxidant activities of ARE on human erythrocytes, respectively. Comet assay was also used to assess the antioxidant activities of ARE on mononuclear leukocytes and it was found that the optimum dose of ARE (600 mg/L) inhibited hemolysis induced by 2,2'-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride and Heinz body formation induced by Nacetylphenylhydrazine. Moreover, 200 - 1000 mg/L of ARE was able to inhibit hydrogen peroxideinduced genotoxicity in mononuclear leukocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Nevertheless, high dose of ARE (_ 800 mg/L) induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity by itself. The results strongly suggested that optimum dose of ARE was beneficial for health promotion by reducing oxidative stress in cellular model.

In 2010 W. Sangkitikomol, et al, Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of many degenerative diseases induced by free radicals, such as cardiovascular disease, stroke and cancer. We evaluated the anthocyanin-rich extract (ARE) from Thai black sticky rice for antioxidative and antihyperlip­idemic effects on HepG2 cells. Cell viability was investigated with the neutral red assay and the MTT assay, and oxidative stress was deter­mined by the DCFH-DA assay. RT-PCR was used to evaluate the ef­fect of ARE on LDLR, HMG-CoAR, PPAR (a1,g) and LXRa gene expression. We found that ARE at high doses (>800 mg/L) induces cytotoxicity. However, at 600-1000 mg/L it reduced intracellular oxi­dative stress (P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner, and at 200 mg/L it significantly enhanced the expression of the LDLR gene in HepG2 cells. We concluded that ARE can be beneficial for health promotion by reducing oxidative stress and enhancing LDL clearance, regulating LDLR production on the cell surface membrane, thereby maintaining lipid homeostasis.

Overproduction of Reactive Oxygen Species Induces Diseases.

Free radicals are unstable, chemically incomplete substances that ‘steal’ electrons from other molecules. Free radicals occur naturally as products of oxidation and are formed in the body during respiration and other chemical processes. Once in the body, free radicals can damage the DNA and RNA of cells, damage delicate cell membranes, and destroy tissues. When the DNA is damaged or disrupted, our store of inherited information locked in the cell is lost forever; thus causing cancer cells. 

Diseases Involving Excessive reactive oxygen species Levels

In addition to contributing to the development of ALD diseases, reactive oxygen species have been implicated in many other major diseases that plague humans. The application of biochemistry shows that free radicals contribute to at least fifty major diseases including:

Increasing evidence suggests that aging may be a consequence of the normal, long–term exposure to reactive oxygen species and the accumulation of oxidized, damaged molecules within the cell—a process that could be likened to a lifetime of “rusting away.”

Accordingly, the health benefits of administering antioxidants such as vitamins E and C or other compounds are the subject of much current research, and clinical trials employing antioxidants in the treatment of various conditions are under way. For example, some therapeutic interventions with antioxidants have shown success or promise in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and in reducing the toxicity of the cancer medication adriamycin. Not all instances of reactive oxygen species production are detrimental to the organism, however. One beneficial effect is the production of reactive oxygen species by certain immune cells in order to destroy invading foreign organisms (Rosen et al. 1995). Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species, especially hydrogen peroxide, may be important in signal transduction mechanisms in cells and thus may be an integral component of cellular physiology and metabolism (Lander 1997).  Defeng Wu et al.

Fortunately, our bodies have a good defense system to deal with free radicals. In forms of enzymes designed to change the free radical into a non-toxic substance. Choosing fruits and vegetables that are “dark and tart” really is good to maintain good health. We should strive to reach our nutritional goals with the daily foods we consume, although that is not always possible when one already has one of the aforementioned diseases.

Chemicals in food, called antioxidants such as Anthocyanins are some of the most powerful flavonoids. Anthocyanins are able to disarm free radicals by stopping the damage they produce. In fact Pei-Ni Chen, in 2005 studied the anticancer effects of Anthocyanins. From these results, we believe that cyanidin 3-glucoside and peonidin 3-glucoside inhibit tumor cell growth and cell proliferation and also induce apoptosis in tumor cells.

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